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86. Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous,wind pollinated plants have,in the view above,compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.
由于花粉粒在其長距離的運輸過程中所要面臨的潛在危險是巨大的,按上述觀點來看,由風授粉的植物補償了通過偶發事件而伴隨造成的花粉損失。其途徑是,制造出大于昆蟲授粉的植物種類所產生的花粉量的一至三個數量級的花粉量。
87. For example,the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones,where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located,is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone's surfaces,thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.
例如,帶有胚珠的松球的鱗苞綜合體的螺旋狀安排,亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置,對于氣流模式的形成與產生殊為重要,而這些氣流模式在松球的表現盤旋上升,從而把在空氣中飛行的花粉從一個鱗苞傳播至下一個鱗苞。
88. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex into public industry".
FE,卻預測婦女們將被從家庭的"社會、法律和經濟壓迫"中解放出來,只是通過使得征召"整個女性階層進入公共的工業中去"成為可能的技術進步的方式做到的。
89. It was not the change in office technology,but rather the separation of secretarial work,previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers,from administrative work that in the 1880's created a new class of "dead-end" jobs,thenceforth considered "women's work."
十九世紀八十年代,產生了新的一類"沒前途"的職業,這并不是因為辦公室技術發生了改變,而是由于秘書工作——在此之前被視作是初起步的經理們的一種習見訓練——與行政工作的分離。自此以后,這類"沒前途"的職業便被視作是"女人的工作。"
90. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
二十世紀已婚婦女在家庭以外就業的人數不斷增加,這與家務的機械化及這些婦女閑暇時間的增加并無多大聯系,更多地是與婦女自身的經濟需要和高婚姻率相關。高婚姻率致使所能雇傭的單身女工的總量縮減,而在此之前的許多情形中,單身女性則是雇主們所愿雇傭的唯一-一類婦女。 The pool of 如果后面跟著一群人,則表示勞動力資源。
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