【經(jīng)典句式】

date of birth出生日期

enormously極大地

tend to往往

appear to似乎

likely可能的

hold leadership position擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色

land premium job獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)工作

later in life在以后的生活中

journal雜志;期刊

chief executive首席執(zhí)行官

on the basis of以……為基礎(chǔ);用……來計(jì)算

【犀利觀點(diǎn)】成功&出生日期：

One’s date of birth can matter enormously. Most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class at school, which appears to explain why they are significantly less likely to hold leadership positions during high school and thus less likely to land premium jobs later in life.

Even the first letter of a person’s last name can explain significant achievement gaps. Assistant professors in the 10 top-ranked American economics departments,for instance, were more likely to be promoted to tenure the earlier the first letter of their last names fell in the alphabet, a 2006 study found. Researchers attributed this to the custom in economics of listing co-authors’ names alphabetically on papers, noting that no similar effect existed for professors in psychology, whose names are not listed alphabetically.

就連姓氏的首字母也有可能是人們?nèi)〉玫某删吞觳畹貏e的原因。比如，2006年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于美國最頂級的十個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院系的助理教授來說，其姓氏首字母在字母表中的位置越靠前，就有可能越早獲得終身教職。研究人員將其中的原因歸為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一種慣例，即發(fā)表論文時(shí)按姓氏首字母對共同作者進(jìn)行排序。這項(xiàng)研究還指出，心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的教授發(fā)表論文時(shí)排名不按姓氏字母順序，就不存在類似的效應(yīng)。

【經(jīng)典句式】

last name姓氏

gap差異

assistant professor副教授

10 top-ranked排名前十的

department院系

likely可能的

promote提拔

tenure終身教職

alphabet字母表

attribute… to …把……歸因于

custom習(xí)俗

psychology心理學(xué)

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