一、整理弄清概念,側重考點、易錯點
學英語語法也要借助學理科的方法,整理弄清語法概念,在英語語法體系中有兩大“家族”,即復合句、非謂語。它們涉及面廣且不易掌握,所以復習從概念入手,用概念指導復習,便于系統理解、掌握。如提出這樣的兩組思考問題。
什么叫復合句?
句子分3種:簡單句、并列句、復合句。
復合句有兩個句子組成,與并列句不同,各有主句、從句。復合句需要什么?連接詞復合句分幾類?
名詞性從句:主語從句、賓語從句、語從句、同謂語從句形容詞性從句(定語從句)副詞性從句(狀語從句)名詞性從句、副詞性從句與形容詞性從句的差異是什么?名詞性從句副詞性從句形容詞性從句關系代詞:who whom whose(還有as than but)關系副詞:when where why通過比較發現,形容詞性從句that為關系代詞,而名詞性從句that為連接詞;名詞性從句whose的連接代詞,而且把形容詞從句多了連接詞those、whether,連接副詞how。
[例題]解讀下列典型錯誤:1、I've known all what you told me.為錯誤句。分析:what為連接代詞,應改為that關系代詞,成為定語從句修飾all。而2、I've told you all what I know.為正確句。分析:此all為you同位語,what為賓語從句。3、It's known to us all that Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.
分析:that為主語從句,that不可省略(連接次that不承擔句中角色,而且無意義)4、As is known that Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.分析:As為定語從句的關系代詞,應去掉that。
典型句子分析:A定語從句與地點狀語從句的區別:5、This restaurant is the one that we visited.定語從句
分析:定語從句必須要有先行詞和關系代詞和關系副詞。6、This restaurant is where we dined.地點狀語從句B定語從句與強調句的區別7、———Where did you see him?———It was in the bookshop where you bought a dictionary last week.定語從句
8、It was in the bookshop that you bought a dictionary last week.
強調句C定語從句與同謂語從句的區別9、Have you heard the news that he will be back soon.
同位語從句分析:同位語從句that在同位語從句中不承擔任何角色而且無意義。
10、Have you heard the news that he told me yesterday.
定語從句
2、非謂語
什么叫非謂語?在句中不能作謂語非謂語形式幾類?to do(將來)主動doing(現在)done(過去)被動3種形式告訴你什么?有時態和語態概念
to do與doing(都可作主語、賓語、表語)區別是什么?
to do將來暫時具體doing現在長期籠統例句:I like playing football but I like to play basketball today.
非謂語to do與doing有哪三類的詞?
a.enjoy為例doing b.manage為例todo c.forget等5個動詞,既可帶to do又可帶doing,但時間概念不同。
11、Don't forget to post the letter.分析topost為將來動作。
12、She forgot posting thel etter.分析:posting為完成動作。
mean和try表了意義概念。
13、I mean to learn a foreign language.我打算學門外語
14、Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.換了這班車意味著又要等一小時
二、應用數學解題方法,作出合理推測
應用數學解題方法及對英語語法知識的了解,學會判斷句子結構、成份,合理正確與否典型句子
①is he whom you met yesterday. A.that B.it C.where D.there如選擇B.雖然本句為強調句。分析:把句子分成兩句,追蹤原始句子。
You met him yesterday.第一步強調him放入It that結構
who/whom第二步It is him whom you met yesterday.分析:強調句be動詞應與met時態一致,因此正確句為
It was him whom you met yesterday.綜上分析,B,it選擇不對。而應選A.that That is he whom you met yesterday.定語從句分析:that為指示代詞,起承上作用。
②He can't have gone before you left,he? A.did B.can C.has D.had抓住信息源before you left。如果沒有before you left選項可能為C.has。此句顯然告訴我們一個過去的時間,因此選A.did。
③he come,please let me know. A.if B.will C.would D.should分析:選A:If應為If he comes? 選B.will,will he come? 選C.would,would he come? 顯然它們都不對。
而D.should為虛擬語氣假設If he should come的倒裝形式。虛擬If句中有should、had或were可省略If倒裝。
④At no time will he come here.分析:信息源no,否定詞在前需倒裝。
三、任意詞組、結構,搭配正確
1、復合句
連接代詞:who whom whose which what
連接副詞:when where why how
連接詞:that whether
1、用It還是There如:
①It is likely that possible/probable It so happened that It occurred to sb that
②there is no need to do.no point in doing some doubt that a time when no denying that2、when與before結構
①were/was doing when about to do when had hardly done when He had not climbed long when it began to rain when翻譯為“這時”,這是when的特殊結構
②The telephone had hung up before(還來不及)he could answed it.It will be two months before(“在……以后”)we meet again.Three months have passed before
(才)herealizedit.
3、注意特定結構的用法
①獨立主格結構Weather permitting, we'll go out.
②獨立結構considering that given that generally speaking
③with結構with everything done.
④leave結構
leave sb. wondering what to do
⑤make it possible to do/that
4、邏輯主語一致性
5、注意對標點符號“,”、句子結構的判斷。
Weather permitting,we will go out.這是非謂語結構。
近年高考易失分題匯集
下面分析近年高考中失分最多的幾個詞匯題,供同學體會。
例1、It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to_______. A.rewards B.prize C.awards D.results答案(A)。造成錯誤的原因在于1.對句子后半部分“嬰兒的某些行為能有所回報”不甚理解。2.詞義不清。將reward,prize,award都只簡單地理解為“獎勵”,產生了混淆。
例2、The life of London is made up of many different_____. A.elenents B.sections C.materials D.realities
答案(A)。造成錯誤的原因主要是對句子不能理解。很明顯,句子的主語是“life”,是個抽象概念。“生活是由諸多要素構成的。”“elements”符合此意。而“section”通常為機構,地理范圍的組成部分,當然不能選用。而多數同學都選了該選項。
例3、What ever rank you maybe in,it would be wrong to______the law into your own hands. A.bring B.hold C.take D.seize答案(C)。表面看四個選項十分簡單,句意也不復雜。但是牽涉到的詞組是同學所不熟悉的,因而差錯極多。
例4、Her talent and expe rience______her to the respect of the colleagues. A.permitted B.qualified C.deserved D.entitled
答案(D)。錯誤原因在于對于詞意理解不深,結構不熟,對句意不甚了解。“她的才智和經驗使其獲得同事的尊敬。”對“entitle”這一單詞只知有“給予……權力,冠名”之意,而引伸不到“使其獲得……”的意義上去。實際用排除法,則可能解決此題。(A)結構有誤,此句中respect是名詞。(B)與句意不符。(C)deserve無復合結構。
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