謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，它必須在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)等方面與謂語(yǔ)保持一致。

I 語(yǔ)法形式上一致

(1)單數(shù)的名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

What I  hate most is telling lies．

To become a doctor is his ambition．

Whether she comes or not is of no matter·

[注]“what”引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)，如果它后面的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦可以用復(fù)數(shù)。

What I said is right.

What we need badly here are doctors．

(2)由"and"連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)：

Swimming in the summer and skating in the winter are my hobbies

In the city are to be found both the most renowned scholar and the scoundrels(無(wú)賴(lài))

a block and tackle(滑輪組)；the needle and thread(針線)；brandy and soda(摻蘇列日蘭地)；sale and water(鹽水)；law and order(法律秩序)；a cup and saucer(茶杯碟子); the ebb and flow (盛衰； 漲落)； the rope and pulley (滑輪繩索)

watch and chain(有表鏈的手表)；soap and water(肥皂水)；etc。

There is my watch and chain on the dressing-table.

[注]若“and”后面的名詞前有冠詞或物主代詞修飾，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形似。

The bread and the butter are on sale．

3) 由“and”連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前有“each, every, no , many a ”等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Many a boy and many a girl in the class has seen this film.

No teacher and no student is present.

It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive．

5)注意在某些成語(yǔ)里的主謂一致：

Time and tide wait for no man．(歲月不留人。)

Truth and honesty is the best policy．(誠(chéng)實(shí)為上策。)

Gossiping and lying go together．(流言離不開(kāi)說(shuō)謊。)

Joy and sorrow are next-door neighbors．(樂(lè)極生悲。)

Trial and error is the source of our knowledge．(嘗試和失敗同是學(xué)識(shí)之源。)

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise．

(3)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)+以下短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。

這些短語(yǔ)為："as well as；no less than；rather than；more than；but；except；besides；with；along with；together with；like；including；in addition to；accompanied by；as much as；etc．”

A mother as well as her children is getting on a bus．

His sister no less than you is clever．(跟你一樣，他的妹妹很聰明。)

The manage，rather than the clerks，is responsible for this matter．

Mary，along with her manager and some friends，is going to a party tonight．

In order to grow well，the Blue Spruce，like other pine trees，requires a temperate climate．

Neither of us has anything to say．

Something has gone wrong with the bike．

Nobody but he is so selfish．(除他之外，誰(shuí)也不是這樣自私。)

No one but fools has ever believed it．(除了傻瓜，誰(shuí)也不會(huì)相信它。)

It may be said that in some countries—each of the citizens helps to decide government policy．

(5)由關(guān)系代詞"who，that，which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致

Those of us who smoke should have our lungs X-rayed regularly．

One of the books which are written by him is very popular．

Ⅱ．主謂就近一致

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

(1)倒裝句的主謂就近一致：

Where is your father and younger brothers?

In the distance was heard the applause of the people，the shouts and clapping of hands．

Never before have so many people been there．

(2)由連詞"or，either… or ，neither…nor，whether or，not only…but also，nor"等連接的兩個(gè)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)要與毗鄰最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。

What he does or what he says makes me angry．

He didn’t say whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wanted．

(3)用作書(shū)名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國(guó)名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱(chēng)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

The United Nations was formed in 1945．

The Daily News says it’s going to snow．

The Thirty nine steps was written by John Buchan．

(4)表示總稱(chēng)意義的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

這類(lèi)名詞主要有："cattle，clergy，folk，mankind，militia，people，police，poultry，staff，youth，etc．

The military are out in search of the thieves．

The cattle are selling for record price this year．

(5)群體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如指整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；如指具體成員，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

這類(lèi)名詞主要有：“public，class，family, club，crew，team，audience，committee，group，population，government，crowd, company．”

The audience was enormous．

The audience were greatly moved at the words．

The committee meets twice a month．

The committee are having a meeting．

The government have never made discussions in a hurry．

The government is doing its best to boost(促進(jìn))the production．

One-third of population in this country live in the mountain．

The population of the country has increased by 40 percent in a period of fifty years．

(6)形復(fù)意單名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。這類(lèi)名詞主要有：

①表示學(xué)科的：

“mathematics，politics，physics，mechanics，statistics，aeronautics，genetics，optics，electronics，acoustics, economics，etc．”

Physics deals  with matter and motion．[但：His physics(物理成績(jī))are quite good．]

Statistics is a branch of mathematics．[但：These statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字)show that exports are still low．]

Acoustics is one of the important subjects he is going to study at college．[但The acoustics(音響效果)．of this hall are excellent．]

②表示疾病的：

“arthritis(關(guān)節(jié)炎)，diabetes(糖尿病)，appendicitis(闌尾炎)，measles(麻疹)，mumps(腮腺炎)，etc．

Diabetes(糖尿病)is a common disease．

Mumps(腮腺炎)is an unpleasant ailment(疾病)．

Measles(麻疹)is a disease to take seriously．

③其它的“s”結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞：“news，works，means"等。

The news lasts ten minutes．

“nuclei(單數(shù)為nucleus，原子核)；formulae(formula，公式)；phenomena(phenomenon，現(xiàn)象)；media (medium，介質(zhì))；criteria(criterion，標(biāo)準(zhǔn))；vermin(單復(fù)數(shù)相同，寄生蟲(chóng))；etc．”

These vermin do much harm to the poultry．

Bacter of the harmful kind cause disease．

(8)“The+形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)。

The lost have been found.

The young are interested in pop music．

Ⅳ．有關(guān)一致的其它問(wèn)題

①非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

Returning to my office，I found my key missing．

To be a teacher of the people，one must first be their pupil．

②名詞與代詞的一致：

Working with computers is the best way to learn their capabilities．

'Wq@t_}
|The electrical properties of semiconductors depend on very much on their purity．

③反意疑問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致：

I am a student，am not I?

This is the third time this week he has been late，isn’t it?

④平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的一致：

Dentists advise brushing your teeth after every meal and avoiding sugar in your diet．

We asked the department store manager to show us a gift that was inexpensive，useful，and looked nice．

Knowing how to study and learning how to budget time are important for college students．

點(diǎn)此查看更多精彩內(nèi)容