被動語態是由助動詞“be”+過去分詞構成的。這里的“be”既要表示出與主語的人稱和數一致，也要表示出時、體的形式。被動語態有幾種特殊用法。

(1)主動形式表示被動意義

1)常見的這類動詞有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil”等。

The window won’t open．(這扇窗戶打不開。)  

The cow milks well．(這頭牛出奶率很高。)

Damp wood will not fire．(濕木不易燃燒。)

She doesn’t photograph well．(她不上相。)

His judgment proved wrong．(他的判斷是錯的。)   

It turned out fine that day．(結果那天天氣很好。)

How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么鉤到釘子上了?)

2)實用動詞“need／want／deserve／require +V-ing(動名詞)”形式表示被動意義。

My hair needs cutting。．

The bike wants repairing．

There is nothing to worry about．

②不定式修飾want, have等動詞的賓語，而句中的主語同時又不是不定式的邏輯主語時：

I want some clothes to wash．

Do you have anything to say for yourself?

③不定式修飾buy，get，give等動詞的直接賓語，而句中的間接賓語又是不定式的邏輯主語時：

His sister gave him a bike to ride．

It is believed／thought that this medicine works well．

It is required(of)him that he give the evidence．(要求我提供證據)

It is feared that he could not come here．

It is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour．  

It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries．

(3) “get + p.p.(動詞的過去分詞)"表示被動：

這種結構往往用來強調動作的結果，也可用來表示突然發生的事態，或最終出現的某種事實，是一種非正式語體。

Did the question get answered?

A Boeing 747 got crashed last week．

The house is getting painted／repaired．

誤：He got born in 1976．

正：He was born in 1976．

誤：The stow got written by him．

正：The story Was writ．ten by him．

誤：The conference got being held in London．

正：The conference is being held in London．

1)短語動詞變為被動語態后，其后的介詞或副詞應緊隨其后。

Frank was brought up by his aunt．

The babies are well looked after．

The meeting Was put off．

The salesman was put out by Mr.．Wilson’s question．

(威爾遜先生的問題把那位售貨員惹火了。)

2)“Verb+賓語+賓補”變為被動語態后，賓語轉化為主語，賓補轉化為主補。

The wall Was painted white．(We painted the wal1 white．)

He is regarded as smart (We regarded him as smart．)  

The house was found empty．(We found the house empty．)

He Was heard to play the guitar in the next door．

(I heard him play the guitar in the next door)

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