Ⅰ．全部倒裝

There comes the bus．

Now comes your luck．

There goes the bell．

[注]①如果主語是人稱代詞時，不引起主謂倒裝。

Here(There)we are．Here you are．

②謂語動詞一般是移動性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的動詞。如：come／go／run／lie(位于)／stand(位于)／rush／be等。

(2)副詞up／down／upon／out／back／over／away／off／ahead位于句首時，要用全部倒裝：

Off went the teachers．

Ahead sat an old woman．

Out rushed the boys．

(3)So／Nor／Neither+謂語+主語：

Mary has never been to China，neither(nor)has her husband．

(4)表語+謂語+主語：(參照本節(jié)的修辭性倒裝部分)

Happy indeed are those who received good news．

What she did Was important，but more important was the way she did things．

(5)介詞／分詞短語+謂語+主語：

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about five．

Ⅱ．部分倒裝

謂語的一部分(如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或"to be")置于主語之前，引起部分倒裝。

(1)由否定詞(not／never／little／no sooner／not until／hardly／rarely／scarcely／seldom／nowhere)開頭的句子引起部分倒裝.

Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly．

No sooner do I get one problem settled before another appears．

Never before have we made so great achievement in science and technology．

Not until dark did he got home．

In vain did we try to persuade him to give up smoking. (我們都沒有辦法勸他戒煙。)

On no account should any money be given to a small kid．

By no means are we satisfied with the success we have achieved．

At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons．

(3)當頻度狀語(often／always／once／many a time／now and again／every other day／every two hours)等及方式狀語"thus"等置于句首時，引起部分倒裝

Thus was the Emperor deceived．

Not only did I forger to close the window, but also I forget to lock the door.  

(5)從屬連接詞 “no sooner．．than， scarcely..when,  hardly..when”等表示“一…就…”概念時，且“no sooner, scarcely，hardly’’置于旬首時，引起部分倒裝。此結構中的謂語動詞用“過去完成時(從句)+過去時(主句)"

Hardly had he arrived when she heard the telephone ring．

No sooner had we gone home than it began to rain heavily．

(6)Only+狀語+部分倒裝：

Only in the street did I meet him．

Only then did he realize the importance of learning English．

Only when the war was over in 1948 was he able to get happily back to work．

(7)虛擬條件句中若有“were，should，had，”時。可省略“if，’，引起部分倒裝.

Should it rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home．

Were I you,1 wouldn’t buy this book．

Had we not helped him, he would not have succeeded．

Business is risky．But should we succeed，we would be rich．

(8)當“So…that”中的“so”位于句首時，引起部分倒裝；如果謂語為“be”，則引起全部倒裝。其構成倒裝的基本結構為"So+形容詞／情態(tài)動詞／to be十主語"

So fast did he run that I couldn’t keep up with him．

So loudly did he speak that students at the back heard him clearly.   

The question we have already discussed at some length．

A very reliable person she is．

Terribly cold it certainly was．

Two years ago that was．

②表語前移，引起全部倒裝，表示強調：

為了使句子結構達到平衡協(xié)調，將表語提前，使帶有較長修飾語的主語置后，以避免頭重腳輕。

Gone were the restrictions that prevented blacks voting．

Such was Albert Einstein．a(chǎn) simple man of great achievements．

More serious was the question of how the president would present the joint announcement．

③賓語后置，改變語序，避免頭重腳輕：

You should leave to us what you haven’t finished.

Please translate into English the following sentences．

The site of the battle brought back to him memories of the Anti-Japanese War．

I tore into little pieces a small notebook with questions that I’d prepared in advance for interviews.   

有時將較長的名詞修飾語與名詞隔開并置于句末，避免頭重腳輕。

There is a labeler the handle with my name and address on it.

Word came that a typhoon had hit several cities along the coast．

A new book will come out on how to memorize words in a scientific way.

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