獨立主格結構是一種復合結構，在句中作狀語。獨立主格結構中，名詞或代詞同其后的分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等在邏輯上有主謂關系。

I．構成類型

(1)名詞／代詞+分詞：

It being Sunday，you needn’t go to work．

(2)名詞／代詞+不定式：

I send you today three-fourths of the sum，the rest to follow within a month.

The two parties reached an agreement on basic principles，the details to be ironed out(調解)later．

(3)名詞／代詞+形容詞：

The teacher entered the classroom，a book under his arm．

(6)There+being+...:

There being no bus，we had to walk home．

(7)With／without+名詞／代詞+分詞(不定式／副詞/形容詞/介詞短語)：

Without anyone noticing，I slipped through the door． 

Ⅱ．語法功能

(1)時間狀語：

All the members having arrived，the meeting was declared open．

The report having been read, a lively discussion began．

With a lot problem solved，the manage left the office．

(2)原因狀語：

There being no bus．we had to walk home．

so many people being absent，the meeting had to be called off．

All the money having been spent，Jack startled looking for work．

(3)條件狀語：

With the tree growing tall，we got more shade．

4`fF
Q,U6pJ#kThe murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back．

He sat in front row，his mouth open，his head thrust forward so as to miss any word.

(4)方式、伴隨狀語：

With the tree growing tall，we got more shade．

The murder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

He sat in front row，his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so not to miss any word.

(5)對比, 補充說明：

We went shopping，he reading in the bed.

We a11 went home, he remaining behind.

The two boys gathered their gear and headed for home, stomachs crying fro food, backs burning from too much sun, and legs stiffening from sitting.

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