被動語態是由助動詞“be”+過去分詞構成的。這里的“be”既要表示出與主語的人稱和數一致，也要表示出時、體的形式。被動語態有幾種特殊用法。

(1)主動形式表示被動意義

1)常見的這類動詞有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil”等。

The window won’t open．(這扇窗戶打不開。)  

The cow milks well．(這頭牛出奶率很高。)

Damp wood will not fire．(濕木不易燃燒。)

She doesn’t photograph well．(她不上相。)

His judgment proved wrong．(他的判斷是錯的。)   

The banana peels easily．(香蕉皮剝起來很容易。)   

Flies kill easily in autumn．(秋天蒼蠅容易死亡。)   

It turned out fine that day．(結果那天天氣很好。)

Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中國的一個大城市，值得瀏覽。)

Mr.．Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday．(威爾遜先生前天丟了一個錢包)。

The bike is under(in)repair．(自行車正在修理中。)

This tape recorder is in use．(這種錄音機正在使用中。)

①There be句型：

There are a lot of things to do．

There is nothing to worry about．

②不定式修飾want, have等動詞的賓語，而句中的主語同時又不是不定式的邏輯主語時：

I want some clothes to wash．

Do you have anything to say for yourself?

③不定式修飾buy，get，give等動詞的直接賓語，而句中的間接賓語又是不定式的邏輯主語時：

His sister gave him a bike to ride．

My father get me a book to read．

5)少數動詞的進行時，有時表示被動意義：

Her works are printing．

The drum is beating．

My new house is building．

(2)“It is+V-ed+that-··"結構表示被動

常用的這類結構有：“it is said that…”(據說)；It is supposed that…(據推測)；It is well known that"…(眾所周知)；It is believed that"…(據信)；It is reported that"…(據報導)；It is hoped that"…(人們希望)；It is generally considered that"…(有人認為)；1twill be seen that"…(由此可以看出)；It must be admitted that…(必須承認)；It must be pointed out that…(必須指出)”等。

It is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour．  

It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries．

這種結構往往用來強調動作的結果，也可用來表示突然發生的事態，或最終出現的某種事實，是一種非正式語體。

Did the question get answered?

A Boeing 747 got crashed last week．

The house is getting painted／repaired．

The building got damaged in the flood．

Thousands of soldiers got killed in the war．

As I passed by, my coat got caught on a nail．

[注]在下列句子中，不能使用“get + p.p. (動詞的過去分詞)”結構。

誤：He got born in 1976．

正：He was born in 1976．

誤：The stow got written by him．

正：The story Was writ．ten by him．

誤：The conference got being held in London．

正：The conference is being held in London．

Frank was brought up by his aunt．

The babies are well looked after．

The meeting Was put off．

The salesman was put out by Mr.．Wilson’s question．

(威爾遜先生的問題把那位售貨員惹火了。)

2)“Verb+賓語+賓補”變為被動語態后，賓語轉化為主語，賓補轉化為主補。

The wall Was painted white．(We painted the wal1 white．)

He is regarded as smart (We regarded him as smart．)  

The house was found empty．(We found the house empty．)

He Was heard to play the guitar in the next door．

(I heard him play the guitar in the next door)

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