雅思(課程)作文想拿高分，就必須重視開篇小作文。作為給考官的第一印象，小作文的成敗與否直接關系著整個作文分數的高低。而小作文中的流程圖似乎已逐漸成為同學們心頭揮之不去的夢魘。筆者認為，流程圖的寫作精髓在于“3w1h（when，what，where，how）+被動+從句”的靈活應用，只要大家熟記這個原則，在實戰中打敗流程圖這個“紙老虎”就能事半功倍。

下面，就讓我們跟著老師以下圖為例來分析一下“3w1h（when，what，where，how）+被動+定狀從句”原則在流程圖中的應用。

The information in the diagram below describes the bread making process.

這幅圖說的講得是面包的制作過程，由圖可知，制作面包一共需要六個步驟，所以我們開頭段可以作如下表述：

The diagram given demonstrates a process by which the bread is made via six consecutive phases.之后我們需要根據圖的順序來分析每個圖的“3w1h”，需要做到盡可能地全面。

第一幅圖的“3w1h”：

When：首先（In the first/initial/original step; First of all = Firstly = initially = originally）

What：要使用的主要材料是溫水和糖（warm water, sugar）

Where: 盛有酵母的容器（yeast這個單詞很多烤鴨可能不認識，抄之即可）

How: 把材料放入容器以達成發酵的目的（to activate yeast）

考慮“被動+從句”，整幅圖可以寫作如下：

In the first step, warm water and sugar, which are the chief materials of bread making, are added into a container where yeast exists for the purpose to activate it. 這樣的一句話既有被動句…are added into… ，又兼顧了定語從句which和狀語從句where的使用。

第二幅圖的“3w1h”：

When：其次（In the second/following/subsequent stage; Then = Next = After that = Afterwards）

What: 第一次的混合物和更多的水（first mixture, more water）

Where: 一個放有面粉和鹽的盆里（flour, salt）

How: 把這些材料都放入盆里以形成生面團（= dough）

考慮“被動+從句”，整幅圖可以寫作如下：

In the subsequent stage, a pot with flour and salt, in which the dough is formed at this point, is filled with the first mixture that comes from the former procedure and more water, in order to make a homogeneous blend.

同樣地，之后的幾幅圖可以用“3w1h（when，what，where，how）+被動+從句”原則分別寫為：

After that, the dough has to be kneaded by hands for about ten minutes, thereby becoming smooth and shiny, which is followed by stage four. In this phase, it is left in a bowl and kept in a warm place where the dough will rise itself within one to three hours. It is then punched down by fist, aiming to release air; meanwhile, the dough is kneaded again for a few minutes for the coming baking process, where it is shaped into loaves and left to rise a second time for about one hour. When it is ready for bake, the oven needs to be set at 200 degree Celsius and the newly baked breads will be served in ten to fifteen minutes, finally.

通過以上的分析，同學們應該不難發現，流程圖得分的關鍵在于找出每幅圖的when （時間），what（材料），where（地方），how（方法和目的），之后靈活地用“被動+從句”的形式予以表達。只要大家在平日的練習中用此原則模擬練習寫作流程圖兩次（劍6Test3，劍8Test3）并做到爛熟于心，相信笑傲雅思考場指日可待。