簡單句
1. 主 + 動
Crimes and offences fall significantly.
犯罪大幅下降。
2. 主 + 動 + 賓
Extensive viewing of television violence by children causes greater aggressiveness.
小孩過多觀看電視暴力節目導致較強的攻擊性。
注：如果動詞為不及物時，需要與介詞構成復合謂語。
Frequent physical punishment contributes to the child’s later crimes.
經常體罰會導致孩子以后犯罪。
3. 主 + 動 + 賓 + 補
Gambling may turn an ordinary man crazy.（補語是形容詞）
賭博會把一個普通人變得瘋狂。
A lot of women consider luxury goods a lifenecesssity.（補語是名詞）
很多婦女把奢侈品當作生活必需品。
The Internet enables users to accessviolence and pornography easily.（補語是不定式）
互聯網讓用戶輕易接觸到暴力色情。
主 + 動 + 間賓/人 + 直賓/物
Community service offers wrong doers an opportunity to correct their misconduct.
社區服務給做壞事的人一個改過自新的機會。
主 + 系動詞 + 表
Resisting a criminal with a gun is the safest thing to do. （表語是名詞）
用槍來反抗犯罪是最安全的做法。
The suggestion of community service sounds convincing and considerate.（表語是形容詞）
社區服務這個建議聽上去很有說服力、考慮周到。
并列句
并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列而成。
用并列連接詞連接：
第一組：and, not only…but also.., neither…nor…, both…and…，as well as
第二組：or, either…or… 第三組：but, while, as, yet 第四組：for
1) The municipal government approved of the artistic project, but the public werestrongly against it.
2) New immigrants must takeEnglish classes, for they must beable to communicate easily in speaking and writing.
2. 用分號加連接副詞連接：①however, nevertheless；②therefore，thus, hence, as a result, consequently；③instead, in contrast, on the contrary；④at the same time, meanwhile, in the meantime;⑤ for example, for instance, for one;⑥ besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, similarly, on theother hand,
1) Somepeople are using bicycles for transportation; on the other hand, othersare joining carpools or take bus to go to their destinations.
2) The intelligentmachines such as robots can replace people to do many dangerous jobs; besides,they also can free housewives from their daily housework.
3) Nuclear energy has many profits; for example, it is verycheap and clean.
4) A crimevictim may be injured; thus he is unable to call for help, for example, orno telephone may be available at the scene of the incident.
復合句
復合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。從句分為主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句，同位語從句，定語從句和狀語從句六類。前四類從句在句子中的功用相當于名詞，所以統稱為名詞性從句。
1. 名詞性從句
(1) 主語從句
1) That the animals suffer alot during the experiments can be proved.
Whether changes in pupil sizeare associated with changes in attitude remainsunclear.
When printed books willfinally be replaced by electronic books is notclear yet, but it is an inevitable trend of history.
Why some people so stronglybelieve that country life is somehow superior to city life has always been a mystery to me.
What we see everyday inmany different places provides a very good example to illustrate theirpower.
With more and more womentaking part in full-time jobs, who will take care of their children hasbecome an increasing problem in our society.
注：在含有主語從句的復合句中，It的巧用。
1) It can be proved thatthe animals suffer a lot during the experiments.
2) It remains uncertain whether changes in pupil size are associated with changes in attitude.
3) It is not clear when printed books will finally be replaced by electronic books.
4) It has always been a mystery to me why some people so strongly believe that country life is somehow superiorto city life.
（2） 賓語從句
1) It is often hard to determine whethera product is really as good as its advertisement claims to be.
It is often complicated to attempt to determine who is right in adispute.
We can always find in newspaper and magazines numerous contradictoryarticles proclaiming
the advantages and disadvantages of the same thing, sometimes wejust can’t help wondering what we should do, or which we should trust, orwhom we could ask for advice.
It is hard to tell when printed books will finally be replaced byelectronic books, but it is an inevitable trend of history.
I simply can not understand why some people so strongly believethat country life is somehow superior to city life.
（3）表語從句.
1) Whatscientists want to know is whether enlarged pupils can affect the responseof the person who observed them.
The fact is that printed books have become out of date/out-dated,but that different people have different choice.
3)One thing we are not sure about is what this trend ofurbanization may bring about.
One question that keeps puzzling me is why some people sostrongly believe that country life is somehow superior to city life.
One thing which is hard to predict is when electronic books willfinally take the place of paper books.
(4) 同位語從句（常用的標志詞：idea, fact, rumor, news, hope, belief, argument, thought, doubt,illusion, dream, order, decision etc）
1) Scientistshave no idea whether enlarged pupils can affect the response of theperson who observed them.
2) I simplyhave no idea why some people so strongly believe that life abroad issomehow superior to life at home.
3) Like ascientist bent on making a discovery, he must cherish the hope/dream thatone day he will be amply rewarded.
4) The questionwhen electronic mail will finally take place of written letters is hardto answer.
※ 名詞性從句總結
下面兩組從句所表達的意思是完全一樣的，從而即可體句式的多樣性。
◆1) When printed books willfinally be replaced by electronic books is notclear yet, but it is an inevitable trend of history.
2）It is hard to tell when printed books willfinally be replaced by electronic books, but it is an inevitable trend ofhistory.
3)One thingwhich is hard to predict is when electronic books will finally take theplace of paper books, but it is an inevitable trend of history.
4)The questionwhen electronic books will finally take the place of paper books is hard toanswer, but it is an inevitable trend of history.
◆1) Why some people sostrongly believe that country life is somehow superior to city life hasalways been a mystery to me.
2) I simplycan’t understand why some peopleso strongly believe that country life is somehow superior to city life.
3) One thingthat keeps puzzling me is why some people so strongly believe that countrylife is somehow superior to city life.
4) I simplyhave no idea why some people so strongly believe that country life issomehow superior to city life.
2. 定語從句
1) Interests are needs, desires, concerns, fears, the things that one cares about or want.
2) Anyone who lives inour society today can’t deny the great power of mass media.
3) Metrosrequire exclusive rights-of-way, which often means building costlyelevated or underground lines and stations.
4) A child whose parentsare dead is called an orphan.
5) In a bigfamily children usually have more opportunities to talk to different members ofthe family, from whom they can obtain various experiences and skills.
6) Chemical treatment is a process in which woodchips are “cooked” with chemicals.
7) Duringdaylight hours when the helium in the balloon heats up and expands, itslift increases.
8) The powerplants are usually located outside the city where air quality productsare less serious
9) There arenumerous reasons why people prefer emails as their major way ofcommunication today.
10) Pricesreach an equilibrium at the level atwhich quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.
11) Xenon hasa number of applications, among whichmay be mentioned its use in flash lamps for high-speed photography.
12)Anthropology is a science in which anthropologistsuse a rigorous set of methods and techniques.
3．狀語從句
狀語從句一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結構和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關鍵是要掌握引導不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點。現分別列舉如下:
1）時間狀語從句
常用引導詞：when,as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引導詞：the minute, the moment, the second,every time, the day, the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than,hardly …when, scarcely … when
例句：Ididn’t realize how special my mother was untilI became an adult.
WhileJohn was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard, the moment they saw the guard.
Nosooner had I arrived home thenit began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2）地點狀語從句
常用引導詞：where
特殊引導詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
例句：Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.
在沒有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的，或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went,there they were warmly welcomed.
他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。
You should have put the book where youfound it.
你本來應該把書放回原來的地方。
3）原因狀語從句
常用引導詞：because, since, as, for
特殊引導詞：seeingthat, now that, in that, considering that, given that
例句：Myfriends dislike me because I’mhandsome and successful.
Nowthat everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax isharmful in that it may discouragepeople from trying to earn more.
4）目的狀語從句
常用引導詞：sothat, in order that
特殊引導詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that,to the end that
例句：Theboss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voiceon purpose that the students in theback could hear more clearly.
5）結果狀語從句
常用引導詞：so … that, such … that,
特殊引導詞：suchthat, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that
例句：Hegot up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s sucha good chance that we must not missit.
To such a degree was he excited thathe couldn’t sleep last night.
6）條件狀語從句
常用引導詞：if, unless,
特殊引導詞：as/so long as, only if,providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
例句：We’llstart our project if the presidentagrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7）讓步狀語從句
常用引導詞：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引導詞：as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …，in spite of the fact that, while,whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, granting that,granted that, admitting that, for all that
例句：Muchas I respect him, I can’t agree tohis proposal.
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
Nomatter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8）比較狀語從句
常用引導詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導詞：the more … the more …，just as …，no … more than，so … as，A is to B what/as C is to D
例句：Sheis as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
Themore you exercise, the healthieryou will be.
Food is to men what oil isto machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機器。
9) 方式狀語從句
常用引導詞：as, as if, how
特殊引導詞：theway
Whenin Rome, do as the Roman do.
Shebehaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
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