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解放/重汽/濰柴/福田/宇通等圍剿商用車市場!四季度有哪些機遇與挑戰?

第一商用車網2025-09-08
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【第一商用車網 原創】

近期,各大上市商用車及相關企業紛紛發布2025年半年度業績報告。作為行業“風向標”,透過商用車及相關上市企業的半年業績報告,不僅可以了解企業的經營業績,還可以窺探其所處細分行業的發展趨勢,以及所面臨的機遇與挑戰。

那么,2025年商用車行業發展有哪些市場特征?對于下半年及未來商用車市場,濰柴動力、一汽解放、中國重汽、東風股份、福田汽車、宇通客車等有著怎樣的市場預判?下面請看第一商用車網報道。

上半年:行業需求呈現結構性分化 市場競爭慘烈 利潤空間進一步被壓縮

2025年上半年,商用車行業整體銷售212.2萬輛,同比小增2.6%。市場呈現溫和復蘇態勢,同時產品結構性分化特征明顯。

作為“國車長子”,一汽解放對市場的解讀一直比較精準且具前瞻性。其2025年半年報通過一系列直觀的數據,揭示上半年商用車行業在需求上呈現出“國內穩定、海外小幅下降、新能源高速攀升”的結構性分化特征。上半年,中重卡市場需求59.9萬輛,同比增長4.2%,國內傳統需求基本持平;輕卡市場需求32.1萬輛,同比增長12.7%;海外需求近年來首度下滑,降幅8%;新能源需求16萬輛,同比大幅增長136%。

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對于國內市場競爭形勢,一汽解放用“更加慘烈”四個字來形容,并重點提到了重卡市場,“頭部企業憑借深厚的品牌積淀、強大的技術研發實力和廣泛的銷售渠道,不斷鞏固自身優勢,不僅在產品性能上持續優化,還通過推出新能源車型、智能網聯產品等,滿足市場多元化需求。同時,眾多實力企業、跨行業競爭企業也在細分市場發力,搶占份額。”一汽解放表示,雖然商用車行業在溫和增長,但國內市場的存量博弈、散點市場的機遇競速、海外出口的爭量布局、新能源的轉型卡位、技術和解放方案的價值比拼等因素,多重疊加,互相交織,昭示著行業正處在深度調整、空前震蕩的階段。

福田汽車在半年報中也有類似關于市場復蘇、結構調整的描述。福田汽車表示,進入2025年,在復雜的國內外環境下,中國經濟在政策支持下展現較強韌性,實現穩健增長,“以舊換新”政策繼續推動內需潛力釋放,帶動商用車市場延續復蘇勢頭;結構調整明顯,新能源轉型進一步加速,海外出口增速趨穩。下一步,福田汽車將在全目標市場發力,重卡領域要著重提升海外銷量和占有率,輕微卡領域加快自主電池市場推廣和傳統渠道的新能源轉型,大中客領域借助“以舊換新”契機開拓縣域市場、突破旅游市場,輕客領域強化大VAN新能源產品、加大中VAN新產品市場推廣力度等。

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對于輕型商用車市場形勢,全力聚焦輕型商用車業務的東風股份最有發言權。東風股份表示,2025年上半年,輕型商用車市場銷售93.5萬輛,同比增長4.94%;細分市場方面,國內燃油車市場份額受新能源車替代影響,呈現持續下滑態勢;新能源車市場受益于技術革新及政策引導呈現快速增長態勢,滲透率持續提升;出口市場保持增長,但受全球經濟增速放緩及貿易摩擦加劇影響,累計增幅持續收窄。其中,對于新能源商用車市場競爭,東風股份表示,隨著新能源商用車市場的興起,越來越多的企業進入該領域,市場競爭日益激烈,企業之間的價格戰、促銷戰頻繁發生,企業利潤空間進一步被壓縮。

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客車領域,宇通客車和中通客車2025年上半年凈利潤分別實現19.36億元和1.9億元,盈利水平行業領先,這兩家企業在半年報中對客車行業發展形勢都進行了重要解讀。其中,對于國內市場形勢,宇通表示,受旅游市場需求收縮影響,上半年國內大中型客車市場需求總量同比下降。由于去年旅游市場強勁復蘇,前期抑制的需求快速釋放拉升整體市場需求,導致今年旅游市場客戶需求恢復理性,市場需求同比下降;而公交市場,2025年“以舊換新”政策拉動公交市場上半年需求同比提升。海外市場方面,宇通認為,客車行業整體出口的大漲,原因有二:一是今年以來,各國人員流動持續增加,公交、旅游、客運等各細分市場需求穩定增長;二是歐洲、美洲電動化進程加快,亞洲、非洲客運旅游市場需求增加,推動行業出口銷量增長。

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中通客車對國內外客車市場的分析與宇通客車“英雄所見略同”。中通客車表示,國內市場,旅游客車市場經歷前期連續增長后進入調整階段,需求結構進一步向高端化、定制化及小型化方向演進;海外市場方面,隨著多國經濟社會發展和公共交通出行需求增強,客車剛性需求持續釋放;同時,中國客車的產品競爭力不斷提升,在新能源與常規客車領域獲得國際客戶廣泛認可,出口規模保持增長。

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相比整車企業,傳統零部件企業面臨的行業發展環境更加嚴峻。云內動力在半年報中表示,受技術門檻持續提高、排放升級、終端需求增長緩慢和市場結構性分化加速等因素,獨立發動機企業面臨較大的市場競爭壓力。雖然上半年商用車市場整體呈現復蘇態勢,但傳統商用車內燃機市場正在面臨新能源市場滲透率持續上升,排放技術升級和終端需求增長緩慢等多重挑戰,行業競爭仍然激烈。同時,市場結構性分化加速,經濟型車型受到市場青睞,作為以中高端車型配套為主的企業,市場需求的層級分化在一定程度上亦對公司市場份額產生了影響。

全柴動力在半年報中同樣表示,“清潔能源、新能源的發展對傳統發動機行業的沖擊也較大,市場競爭激烈”。動力新科表示,“隨著國內新能源行業的發展,純電動、混合動力、氫燃料動力等新能源動力加入了原柴油發動機等傳統能源動力市場的競爭,但受基礎設施配套等因素制約,短期內新能源動力仍無法改變傳統能源動力的主導地位,節能減排是柴油機行業未來發展的趨勢”。

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下半年:預計商用車行業迎來發展機遇期 出口面臨不確定性

2025年上半年,我國商用車銷量實現溫和增長,下半年市場走勢會如何?各細分市場存在哪些機遇與挑戰呢?

濰柴動力樂觀預測,2025年下半年,商用車行業將迎來發展機遇期。在濰柴看來,下半年,大國博弈、地緣沖突、貿易摩擦等多重因素雖加劇了未來發展的不確定性、不穩定性、不平衡性和不可預見性,但新興經濟體增長動能強勁,全球市場增量空間擴大。以新能源、人工智能為代表的科技革命與產業變革加速演進,行業高端化、智能化、綠色化轉型不斷提速,新質生產力起勢壯大。基建投資持續發力與老舊車輛更新需求釋放,將為下半年商用車行業帶來重大發展機遇。

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宇通客車對所處的客車行業,也是看好其發展前景。國內市場方面,下半年,隨著新能源公交“以舊換新”政策持續實施,以及“十四五”第二批“公交都市”、城鄉交通一體化等示范項目建設推進等刺激,宇通客車預計行業需求同比略增;出口方面,上半年大中型客車出口量同比增長16.51%,下半年預計仍將延續增長態勢,其中歐洲、拉美、東南亞等地區在經濟技術因素和環境保護政策等因素驅動下,新能源客車需求預計持續增長。

動力新科預計,2025年全年柴油發動機行業同比將會保持平穩,但由于行業整體產能存在過剩,企業間競爭將持續加劇;對于重卡行業,動力新科預計2025年全年同比將會有所增長,但受重卡市場保有量高等因素影響,企業間競爭將更加激烈。

多家企業擔心市場競爭加劇,會影響自家企業份額。一汽解放表示,若差異化產品不能及時推出,將在市場競爭中處于不利地位,公司參與價格戰的可能性不斷升高,市場份額存在被蠶食的可能性,當前市場中取得的優勢或遭到挑戰。中國重汽表示,國內重卡市場已進入深度存量競爭階段,宏觀經濟增速放緩導致傳統燃油重卡需求承壓;油氣價差影響天然氣重卡銷量;同時,新能源重卡滲透率加速提升;疊加新勢力企業入局,市場份額爭奪更加白熱化。

漢馬科技表示,重卡行業集中度較高,行業整體發展由高速增長向平穩增長轉變,市場競爭日益激烈,競爭方式不斷升級,公司市場份額將面臨沖擊的風險,進而對公司業績增長產生不利影響。

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安凱客車表示,傳統汽車及新能源汽車也正面臨著各類新技術革新的挑戰,客車生產廠商之間在產品性能、質量、服務和產業鏈一體化發展等各方面正進行全方位的競爭。若未來公司無法及時跟進并適應市場需求的變化,市場競爭的加劇將會對公司發展產生一定的影響。

出口方面,多數企業對支撐商用車增長的海外市場難掩憂慮。如一汽解放、福田汽車和中國重汽等。其中,一汽解放表示,海外市場對商用車企業的重要性日益凸顯,但也面臨諸多障礙。首先,全球經濟增長乏力,部分國家和地區的市場需求下降,導致商用車出口難度增加;其次,貿易保護主義抬頭,一些國家通過設置貿易壁壘、提高關稅等手段,限制外國商用車進口。出口量常年保持重卡行業第一的中國重汽認為,國際市場復雜多變,產品出口可能面臨地緣政治、國際形勢惡化、海運費上漲、技術認證壁壘及關稅成本上升等風險。福田汽車表示,受地緣政治風險持續、貿易保護主義抬頭等因素影響,下半年商用車出口增長有較大的不確定性。東風股份則表示,受到貿易壁壘、關稅、匯率波動、出口國政策變化等影響,下半年出口成本可能增加。

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對今后的發展趨勢,環保政策和法規變化是商用車企業對未來市場持有不確定性的一個因素。中國重汽認為,“以舊換新政策持續性”可能存在不確定性。“以舊換新”政策極大激發了市場活力,推動了重卡市場結構性增長。然而,各地政策落地情況存在差異,政策持續性存在不確定性。

一汽解放擔心,在環保政策上,國七排放標準的逐步推進,對商用車的尾氣排放提出了更高要求,可能需投入大量資金進行技術升級;在路權政策上,部分城市對新能源商用車給予更多通行便利,而對傳統燃油商用車的通行范圍和時間進行限制,如政策變動應對不利,可能面臨產品合規性風險,導致產品無法在某些地區銷售或使用等。

當然,不管未來市場面臨機遇或挑戰,各家企業必須在戰略上做好充足準備。一汽解放就表示,將瞄準經營“提質增長”,加快扭轉一切不利局面;福田汽車將在全目標市場發力;東風股份持續推進轉型升級,扎實推進做好生產經營與改革創新工作;宇通客車加快大中型客車向電動化、智能網聯化、高端化方向發展,提升產品競爭力;云內動力將加速推進柴油機、混動及燃氣機領域的技術創新,著力培育以智能制造、綠色制造為核心的新興業務項目培育新的業績增長極,等等。

結束語

在機遇與挑戰交織的當下,2025年商用車行業正處于深度變革與轉型的關鍵節點。面對復雜多變的市場環境,各商用車企業已紛紛亮出戰略“利劍”,從技術創新、市場拓展、產品升級到服務優化,全方位布局以謀求突破。2025年全年,各家商用車及相關企業將交出怎樣的盈利答卷呢?

責任編輯:李秀枝
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