2019年6月22日雅思大作文題目：私家車(chē)對(duì)個(gè)人的好處及對(duì)環(huán)境的壞處？

“More and more people buy and use their own car. Do you think the advantages of this trend for individuals outweigh its disadvantages for environment?”

解析&審題

本題為雅思考試經(jīng)典舊題，2016年9月15日和2018年2月24日都出現(xiàn)過(guò)，基本上是過(guò)一年半就出現(xiàn)一次。

本文提出的現(xiàn)象是“越來(lái)越多的人購(gòu)買(mǎi)和使用自己的車(chē)”，這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)模糊的表達(dá)，我們完全可以在文章的開(kāi)頭通過(guò)描寫(xiě)來(lái)把這個(gè)表達(dá)具體化：比如，現(xiàn)在到底有多少車(chē)？這種開(kāi)頭法將讓你的作文顯得生動(dòng)，與眾不同，容易給考官留下好的第一印象。

我們先來(lái)看一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)：2004年中國(guó)汽車(chē)保有量是2400萬(wàn)輛，到2015年，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到1.37億！也就是說(shuō)，僅僅10年時(shí)間，活躍在中國(guó)大街小巷的汽車(chē)增加了500%！而這增加的車(chē)輛，多數(shù)都是私家車(chē)。的確，近些年中國(guó)的汽車(chē)行業(yè)發(fā)展太快了，以至于很多人對(duì)此都有意見(jiàn)。那么，本次雅思考題正是針對(duì)這樣的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。有了這個(gè)知識(shí)背景，我們就可以這樣來(lái)開(kāi)頭：

Just 50 years ago, to own a car was quite a luxury, but today, cars have found their way into many households. Statistics show in China alone, there are over 140 million cars running on road every day. While cars have brought about conveniences to their users, they have imposed great pressure on the environment.

可能有的同學(xué)說(shuō)，我不知道現(xiàn)在中國(guó)到底有多少汽車(chē)，怎么辦？對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我的回答是，雅思寫(xiě)作不是科技論文，并不需要數(shù)據(jù)有多么準(zhǔn)確，只要大體沒(méi)有在人們的常識(shí)范圍外就可以了，雅思考大家的還是語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。

接下來(lái)，我們要注意題目中規(guī)定我們要論證的東西：私家車(chē)對(duì)個(gè)人的好處以及對(duì)環(huán)境的壞處。對(duì)個(gè)人的好處方面，無(wú)非就是汽車(chē)給我們帶來(lái)了方便，想什么時(shí)候出發(fā)就出發(fā)，完全不用看公共交通的臉色，此外，自己開(kāi)車(chē)當(dāng)然也讓我們更舒適，不用在熙熙攘攘的各色人群中擠來(lái)擠去。這些是買(mǎi)私家車(chē)的好處。

但是，那么多人開(kāi)私家車(chē)，我們又不得不考慮它們對(duì)環(huán)境的消極影響。比如很多專(zhuān)家都指出，北京的霧霾（其實(shí)不只是北京，全世界稍微大點(diǎn)的城市，哪個(gè)沒(méi)有霧霾？只是北京霧霾太嚴(yán)重，于是成了眾人譏諷的城市，這有點(diǎn)不公平，大家都是五十步笑百步），很大程度上就是由于這個(gè)城市的車(chē)太多引起的。車(chē)一發(fā)動(dòng)，灰塵(dust)揚(yáng)起，尾氣(exhaust gas)外噴，的確容易污染空氣。

討論完私家車(chē)對(duì)個(gè)人的好處以及對(duì)環(huán)境的壞處后，我們的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是什么呢？這里就沒(méi)有所謂正確答案了。

你可以說(shuō)自由和方便高于一切，可以開(kāi)發(fā)新的科技來(lái)解決由此引起的環(huán)境問(wèn)題；你也可以說(shuō)環(huán)境高于一切，出行的方便可以通過(guò)改進(jìn)公交系統(tǒng)來(lái)解決；你還可以說(shuō)，自由方便和環(huán)境都很重要，但呼吁盡量減少用車(chē)時(shí)間，共同維護(hù)美好環(huán)境，等等。

唐老師想提醒大家，其實(shí)本題還是隱藏了一個(gè)陷阱的。很多同學(xué)一看到“汽車(chē)”話(huà)題太過(guò)于開(kāi)心，于是忘記了仔細(xì)審題：本題要求比較的是汽車(chē)對(duì)個(gè)人的好處以及對(duì)環(huán)境的壞處。因此，在討論汽車(chē)的好處時(shí)一定要聚焦“汽車(chē)對(duì)個(gè)人的好處”，比如汽車(chē)給我們出行帶來(lái)的便捷，如果討論汽車(chē)怎樣增加政府的收入，則屬于偏題；在討論汽車(chē)的壞處時(shí)一定要聚焦“汽車(chē)給環(huán)境帶來(lái)的壓力”，比如空氣污染，噪音污染等，如果討論開(kāi)車(chē)耗費(fèi)我們很多金錢(qián)，則屬于偏題。因此，建議烤鴨們?cè)诳紙?chǎng)上一定要靜下心來(lái)，仔細(xì)審題后再作答。

老師筆記

01

Just 50 years ago, to own a car was quite a luxury, but today, cars have found their way into many households. Statistics show in China alone, there are over 140 million cars running on road every day. While cars have brought about conveniences to their users, they have imposed great pressure on the environment.

僅僅在50年前，擁有一輛汽車(chē)還是一件相當(dāng)奢華的事情，但今天，汽車(chē)已經(jīng)走進(jìn)很多家庭了。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，僅在中國(guó)，每天就有超過(guò)1.4億輛車(chē)在路上奔跑。雖然汽車(chē)給使用者帶來(lái)了諸多便利，但它們也給環(huán)境造成巨大壓力。

解析

（1）本段用比較方法引出話(huà)題，然后用數(shù)據(jù)補(bǔ)充，最后重述題目觀點(diǎn)。這種做法可以讓第一段顯得生動(dòng)活潑。如果千篇一律地使用如下開(kāi)頭，則會(huì)使文章沒(méi)有生機(jī)：

A. With the development of the society, more and more people buy and use their own car.

B. When it comes to the car ownership and use, many people think they are good to the individuals but very bad to the environment.

這兩種典型的作文開(kāi)頭法雖然可以萬(wàn)能，但正因?yàn)槠淙f(wàn)能，就顯得沒(méi)有任何個(gè)性，而顯示出作者的個(gè)性，是作文得到高分的必需。引用數(shù)據(jù)或者通過(guò)比較來(lái)引入話(huà)題，就顯得更為獨(dú)特。

（2）luxury 奢華

（3）find one’s way to/into... 進(jìn)入到...... (比簡(jiǎn)單的enter顯得更為地道，生動(dòng)?。?/p>

（4）in China alone...僅僅在中國(guó) (這里的alone與孤獨(dú)沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系，表示“僅僅”）

（5）impose pressure on... 給......施加了壓力

02

Modern city life has made the car an indispensable means of transport. Though most cities today have fairly advanced transportation systems like the bus and metro, they tend to be extremely crowded, especially in rush hours. This means people might come to their office late or miss some important appointments. If they drive their own car, however, these problems may well be avoided. At the same time, when people plan to take their family for a trip out of town, they may also enjoy the flexibility of when to start off and when to return, rather than spending time waiting for the bus to arrive.

 現(xiàn)代的城市生活已經(jīng)讓汽車(chē)成為一種不可或缺的交通工具。雖然現(xiàn)在絕大多數(shù)城市都有相當(dāng)發(fā)達(dá)的交通系統(tǒng)，比如公共汽車(chē)和地鐵，但它們也容易變得非常擁擠，尤其是在上下班高峰期。這就意味著人們可能上班遲到，或者錯(cuò)過(guò)一些重要的約會(huì)。如果他們開(kāi)自己的車(chē)，這些問(wèn)題就可得到避免。同時(shí)，當(dāng)人們計(jì)劃帶家人出城游玩時(shí)，他們也享有何時(shí)出發(fā)何時(shí)回來(lái)的靈活性，而不是花時(shí)間等待公交車(chē)到來(lái)。

解析

（1）本段論證汽車(chē)給人們生活帶來(lái)的便利：第一是公交或地鐵太擁擠，可能因此上班遲到；第二是全家出去旅游時(shí)更靈活。

（2）indispensable 不可或缺的

（3）means of transport / transportation 交通運(yùn)輸工具

（4）rush hours （上下班）高峰期

（5）flexibility 靈活性

03

However, the increased use of cars has caused serious consequences for our environment. Many experts, for instance, attribute the worsening air quality in big cities to the cars’ exhaust gas emission and the dust that rises after them. This accusation is perhaps well-grounded if we make a little comparison between the air quality 50 years ago and that now. In addition, cars also make unbearable noises, which is a headache to all city dwellers. Just imagine a time you are shocked awake from your cozy dream by the sharp braking screech of a car passing by your house!

然而，汽車(chē)使用越來(lái)越多，已經(jīng)給環(huán)境帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的后果。比如，許多專(zhuān)家將大城市日益惡化的空氣質(zhì)量歸咎于汽車(chē)的尾氣釋放以及汽車(chē)后面揚(yáng)起的塵土。如果我們把50年前的空氣質(zhì)量和現(xiàn)在的空氣質(zhì)量稍微比較一下，（我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)）這種指責(zé)也許是有依據(jù)的。此外，汽車(chē)還制造令人難以忍受的噪音，這令所有城市居民感到頭疼。想一想吧，某次你被經(jīng)過(guò)你家房子的汽車(chē)的尖利剎車(chē)聲從美夢(mèng)中驚醒！

解析

（1）本段討論汽車(chē)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，一是造成了空氣質(zhì)量下降，二是造成了很多噪音。本段最后一句也是一個(gè)個(gè)性表達(dá)的范例！

（2）consequences 后果

（3）attribute...to... 將......歸因于......

（4）exhaust gas emission 尾氣釋放

（5）well-grounded 有依據(jù)的

（6）city dweller 城市居民

（7）screech 尖叫聲

04

In my view, it is unrealistic for the government to put a ban on the car ownership or use since the cars have been so important in our daily life, yet we cannot ignore the negative effects they have on the environment. To get out of this dilemma, to my mind, there are two options, the first being to develop car technology and produce cars that burn less fuel and the second, encourage the car owners to use public transportation whenever possible.

我認(rèn)為，政府禁止擁有或使用汽車(chē)是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，因?yàn)槠?chē)在我們的日常生活中已經(jīng)如此重要，但是我們也不能忽視汽車(chē)給環(huán)境帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。我覺(jué)得，為了走出這個(gè)困境，我們有兩個(gè)選擇，其一，發(fā)展汽車(chē)科技，制造出較少耗費(fèi)燃料的汽車(chē)，其二，鼓勵(lì)汽車(chē)擁有者們盡可能使用公共交通。

解析

（1）本段表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，提出汽車(chē)和環(huán)境都需要，并因此提出了兩個(gè)選擇方案：一是設(shè)計(jì)耗油少的汽車(chē)，二是鼓勵(lì)大家盡量選坐公共交通。

（2）Unrealistic 不現(xiàn)實(shí)的

（3）ignore 忽視

（4）Dilemma 困境

（5）Option 選擇

（6）...there are two options, the first being to develop car technology... 該句后半部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因此用being，而不能用is。在有把握的前提下，偶爾使用一下這種高端句型，有可能給考官留下好印象。如果沒(méi)有把握，就要老老實(shí)實(shí)地寫(xiě)：...there are two options. The first one is to develop car technology...

向上滑動(dòng)閱覽

7分范文

Just 50 years ago, to own a car was quite a luxury, but today, cars have found their way into many households. Statistics show in China alone, there are over 140 million cars running on road every day. While cars have brought about conveniences to their users, they have imposed great pressure on the environment.

Modern city life has made the car an indispensable means of transport. Though most cities today have fairly advanced transportation systems like the bus and metro, they tend to be extremely crowded, especially in rush hours. This means people might come to their office late or miss some important appointments. If they drive their own car, however, these problems may well be avoided. At the same time, when people plan to take their family for a trip out of town, they may also enjoy the flexibility of when to start off and when to return, rather than spending time waiting for the bus to arrive.

However, the increased use of cars has caused serious consequences for our environment. Many experts, for instance, attribute the worsening air quality in big cities to the cars’ exhaust gas emission and the dust that rises after them. This accusation is perhaps well-grounded if we make a little comparison between the air quality 50 years ago and that now. In addition, cars also make unbearable noises, which is a headache to all city dwellers. Just imagine a time you are shocked awake from your cozy dream by the sharp braking screech of a car passing by your house!

In my view, it is unrealistic for the government to put a ban on the car ownership or use since the cars have been so important in our daily life, yet we cannot overlook the negative effects they have on the environment. To get out of this dilemma, to my mind, there are two options, the first being to develop car technology and produce cars that burn less fuel and the second, encourage the car owners to use public transportation whenever possible.

(341 words) 

建議背誦的句子

1. ust 50 years ago, to own a car was quite a luxury, but today, cars have found their way into many households. Statistics show in China alone, there are over 140 million cars running on road every day.

僅僅在50年前，擁有一輛汽車(chē)還是一件相當(dāng)奢華的事情，但今天，汽車(chē)已經(jīng)走進(jìn)很多家庭了。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，僅在中國(guó)，每天就有超過(guò)1.4億輛車(chē)在路上奔跑。

2. Though most cities today have fairly advanced transportation systems like the bus and metro, they tend to be extremely crowded, especially in rush hours.

雖然現(xiàn)在絕大多數(shù)城市都有相當(dāng)發(fā)達(dá)的交通系統(tǒng)，比如公共汽車(chē)和地鐵，但它們也容易變得非常擁擠，尤其是在上下班高峰期。

3. At the same time, when people plan to take their family for a trip out of town, they may also enjoy the flexibility of when to start off and when to return, rather than spending time waiting for the bus to arrive.

同時(shí)，當(dāng)人們計(jì)劃帶家人出城游玩時(shí)，他們也享有何時(shí)出發(fā)何時(shí)回來(lái)的靈活性，而不是花時(shí)間等待公交車(chē)到來(lái)。

4. Many experts, for instance, attribute the worsening air quality in big cities to the cars’ exhaust gas emission and the dust that rises after them.

比如，許多專(zhuān)家將大城市日益惡化的空氣質(zhì)量歸咎于汽車(chē)的尾氣釋放以及汽車(chē)后面揚(yáng)起的塵土。

5. In my view, it is unrealistic for the government to put a ban on the car ownership or use since the cars have been so important in our daily life, yet we cannot ignore the negative effects they have on the environment. To get out of this dilemma, to my mind, there are two options, the first being to develop car technology and produce cars that burn less fuel and the second, encourage the car owners to use public transportation whenever possible.

我認(rèn)為，政府禁止擁有或使用汽車(chē)是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，因?yàn)槠?chē)在我們的日常生活中已經(jīng)如此重要，但是我們也不能忽視汽車(chē)給環(huán)境帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。我覺(jué)得，為了走出這個(gè)困境，我們有兩個(gè)選擇，其一，發(fā)展汽車(chē)科技，制造出較少耗費(fèi)燃料的汽車(chē)，其二，鼓勵(lì)汽車(chē)擁有者們盡可能使用公共交通。