Sth. about the charts

title

vertical axis 縱軸 horizontal axis 橫軸，水平軸

color key

the steps of writing

1. 審題

2. 構(gòu)思

一是分析圖表的主要特征，二是弄清寫作重點(diǎn)及使用適當(dāng)?shù)姆治龇椒ā?

3. 寫作

第一， 開頭寫好引言段，把握主題句的準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)；（模式化開頭）

第二， 描寫圖表。

主要特征，總體變化。注意使用銜接詞和轉(zhuǎn)承短語，增強(qiáng)文章邏輯性。（常用詞組）

第三， 結(jié)尾段。（切勿妄加單獨(dú)結(jié)構(gòu)）

寫作第一部分的圖表題不需要單加一段評(píng)論，也沒有要求用一句話來作出結(jié)論。只需要描述圖表，表達(dá)個(gè)人見解是不合適的。

4. 檢查

拼寫錯(cuò)誤，語法錯(cuò)誤，書寫有誤，數(shù)字表達(dá)有誤等。

開頭固定模式

1.“圖表”替換詞：

chart, table, graph, diagram…

figures, statistics, curves…

2.“描述”的多種表達(dá)：

illustrate, describe, indicate, show, unfold, reveal, display, compare, present, express, represent, stand for…

3.年代、時(shí)間的處理方式

From…to… for the period of…to…

Over the next 13 years…

Over the 7-year period…

10 years = a decade

100 years = a century

In the third quarter 在第三季度

At the same time = at around the same time= during the same period= meanwhile

In the coming year = in the next year in the following year

Later on , afterwards, from then on

In the first decade in the 20th century.

In the first 70 years last century.

For much of the time

Which take place in the year (of)…

On a weekly/ monthly basis= per week/ month

4. 文章第一句的基本套路：

The chart/ table/ diagram/ graph shows/ illustrates/ describes/ indicate/ reveals/ display/ present/ unfold/ compare that/ how…changed…from…to…

The chart gives us some information about…by contrasting …and…

關(guān)于信息的分類：

The table gives us three pieces of information regarding the subway network in 6 cities.

The table gives us a breakdown of different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.

Employees, according to the amount of the education they’ve received, are grouped into 4 categories.

The average spend can be futher divided very roughly into thirds—the first third spending on…, the second on…, and the last on….

The two graphs describe the same thing seen in two different ways.

5.正文部分每段開頭句的常用表達(dá)：

The main point to note is that…

One of the first things to note is that…

One of the most noticeable features/ trands in this report is that…

It is perhaps surprising that…

What is very obvious at a glance is that…

We can see immediately that…

Another thing which stands out in this chart is that…

A final point to know is that…

According to the chart…

As can be seen from the chart…

As is shown in the chart…

From the information shown,

It can be seen from the chart that…

We can see from the chart that…

It is clear from the chart…

I’m going to talk about the other chart,….

Attention should be draw to the significant rise of …

The left pie chart is for exports and the right pie chart is for imports.Now let’s look at the left chart,the exports pie chart.

┏Beginning with the field/forum of…

┣Next, in the field/forum of…

┗Turning to the field/forum of…

Now let’ s turn to the figures for…

…h(huán)as done some investigation into….here is a report on some of their findings.

表示趨勢(shì)和狀態(tài)的詞

NB.曲線圖的描寫要點(diǎn)為“趨勢(shì)描寫”和“數(shù)據(jù)支持”

單組柱狀圖可以先轉(zhuǎn)換為曲線圖

表示總體大趨勢(shì)的詞

There is an overall / a general increasing/ falling trend for…

But those are nit strong enough to change the very strong overall downtrend for…

The trend was towards a decrease in the popularity of the cinima.

Take an upward trend / turn

表示增加上升

1.增加

increase, rise, grow, rocket, go up, shoot up, climb + by（增加了）

+ to（增加到）

2.達(dá)到

Come to, reach, jump to

Ex: we can see an increase by 4% in…

總計(jì)、共計(jì)：total a. / vi amount n / vi.

表示減少下降

decrease, decline, reduce, fall, go down, drop, crash, plummet（垂直下落）, plunge，dive

come back to … make a comeback…

表示先降后升/ 降中有升

Recover from~~, regain its increasing trend …

But those are nit strong enough to change the very strong overall downtrend for…

表示保持不變或一樣

stay/ remain/ keep …

at the same/stable/steady/unchanged/constant/flat/stationary/ static

level off/ out

ex: we can see a leveling off in December.

Share the equal amount of money.

表示上下波動(dòng)

fluctuate between… and …

fluctuation

go up and down

has been experienced ups and downs

表示極值

peak v. & n.

the highest point / the lowest point

the top of / the bottom of

表示比例、名次

The proportion of A to B is X to Y. A 和B的比例是X比Y。

Make up, eat up, take up

Contribute to, Account for, provide …

occupy，share, dominate (domination),lead

In 1985, there were 6261 full-time undergraduate students with 3472 men and 2742 women at the university. The distribution of these students was as follow.

This chart gives us information about British trade by geographical distribution in 1986.

Be distributed in the following ways:…

┏We find a domination of this field by…

┠This is the first field we find dominated by…

┗This is the second field in which … lead.

maintain the middle position

easure its position

NB.在談?wù)撊〉玫趲酌诺趲酌麜r(shí)經(jīng)常用

Come/ rank + 序數(shù)詞

Take / in +序數(shù)詞 +place

注意：這里的序數(shù)詞前不要加the

EX: For cycling paper, Britain comes second in Europe with 40% behind Germany’s amazing 70%.

表示預(yù)測(cè)未來趨勢(shì)的詞

Expect, forecast, estimate, underestimate(低估)，project

表示程度的詞

顯著的（地）、重要的（地）

large, major, great, important, significant, considerable, remarkable, noticeable,

sharp, rapid, sudden, dramatic,steep,extremely, strikingly（顯著的）

輕微的（地）、不顯著的（地）、逐漸地

little, slight, gentle, mild,steady

gradually, steadily, slowly

大概、大約

about, approximate, nearly, around, roughly,

more or less

fewer/ less/ more than, under, below, within, over, above

相比較而言

Relatively

不協(xié)調(diào)的

Disproportionately

表示相比或相反的詞組

be compared with compare A to B in comparison with…

to contrast with…

But there is a completely reversal when it comes to …

It is the same for…

The same goes for…

The same thing goes if…

overnumber v. 超過

on the contary

we can see a totally different pattern/picture in…

we can see a converse pattern in….

The picture is slightly different in case of…

The condition in Japan differs considerably.

表示舉例子或列舉的用法

Namely, specifically, such as,

For example/ instance

Take … for example/ as an example

列舉數(shù)字時(shí)要注意運(yùn)用括號(hào)，這是一種節(jié)省時(shí)間、節(jié)省字?jǐn)?shù)。同時(shí)又使文章簡(jiǎn)潔明了。

表目的：in order to , as to, used for… purpose

怎樣保證自己作文中語言使用的多樣性，避免重復(fù)使用帶來的言語匱乏印象

首先，在描述時(shí)可以注意用適當(dāng)?shù)拿~和動(dòng)詞形式來保證作文的多樣性。

There is a steady increase in the percentage of…

The percentage of … show a steep increase from … to…

The percentage of … show a large jump from… to…

we can see a leveling off in December.

We can see an increase by 4% in….

The year 1994 and 1995 also saw great increase.

其次，要注意復(fù)雜句型的使用和長句的使用。

復(fù)雜句型：

Only in the case of…, does another country Italy comes close.

Only in this way, can this problem be settled.

長句：注意把兩個(gè)趨勢(shì)或數(shù)據(jù)連起來講，變成并列或?qū)Ρ鹊木渥樱@樣既可以用上長句又可以使文章顯得簡(jiǎn)潔。也可以是單純根據(jù)時(shí)間、大小的順序把兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)系起來。

前者要注意小詞and,with（并列）和while（對(duì)比）等的運(yùn)用。也要注意用which,that等來引導(dǎo)定語，用to, as to, in order to 來引導(dǎo)目的狀語。

Ex: The sources for supple of water to, and subsequent water losses in, the human body on a daily basis.

后者要注意 followed by, when 等表時(shí)間或名次的狀語的運(yùn)用

Ex: There is a dramatic fall in the number of people who went to the cinema from 1957, when about 900 million people went to …, to 1960, when the attendance figure was roughly 500 million.

From 1930 to 1940 there was a significant rise, which, since 1940 has been followed by a steady fall.

第三，要注意主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，不要再一篇文章中單獨(dú)使用一種句型。

Ex: The total weekly spend for international students is shown to be……

Task 1 中一定要注意數(shù)據(jù)之間的比較，單獨(dú)地羅列數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)丟分！！

首先，要注意數(shù)據(jù)之間在量上的關(guān)系，如：倍數(shù)關(guān)系，百分比關(guān)系等。

其次，要注意趨勢(shì)上的關(guān)系，看趨勢(shì)是相同的還是相反的。

而且在趨勢(shì)相同時(shí)，也應(yīng)該注意相同的趨勢(shì)是否有幅度上的差異。

Ex: The increase in visits from the UK was more marked than that of visits to the country.

A is much greater at 8.5 years in 1980, compared to 2.5 years in B. The gap was increased in 1990, when the figures rose to … and… respectively.

The gap was widening.

Map題

注意要先把整個(gè)地區(qū)的情況：地理環(huán)境、建筑特點(diǎn)、交通情況、區(qū)域劃分等做一個(gè)系統(tǒng)而簡(jiǎn)要的交代，這樣會(huì)給人一個(gè)總體的印象。不至于使以后的陳述太過混亂。

表示河流、道路方向的常用詞組：

Run through the town centre

There are three roads leading from the town cwntre

Following a northwest to southeast direction

Runs/ Goes southeast to …

其他詞組：

Surround, be surround by

Zones, regions, areas

Flow chart

作文的連貫與銜接

“起”-用于引導(dǎo)主題句或主題句后的第一個(gè)發(fā)展句。

One of the first things to note is that…

第一：first、firstly

首先：first of all、to begin with、to start with、in the first place

首先…其次…:For one thing…for another

一方面…另一方面…:on the one hand…on the other hand…

一般來說:generally speaking、in general

起初：at first、in the beginning

現(xiàn)在：at present、now

目前：currently

最近：recently、lately

“承”-用于承接前句

第二點(diǎn)：second、secondly

第三點(diǎn)：third、thirdly

此外：besides、in addition、what’ more、moreover、furthermore

舉例：for example、for instance、as an example、take…for example

即，就是：namely

換句話說：in other words

此后：after that、afterwards

與此同時(shí)：meanwhile

不久：soon

然后：then

同樣重要：equally important

為此：for this purpose

結(jié)果：consequently

I’m going to talk about the other chart,…

“轉(zhuǎn)”-用于表達(dá)不同或相反的情況

畢竟：after all

可是：but

仍然：yet

相反：conversely、on the contrary

事實(shí)上：in fact、as a matter of fact

盡管：though、although、as

與…不同：unlike…

另外： as for… as to…

in terms of… in cases of… in fields of…

in the term of… in the case of… in the field of…

on the terms such as……

for… and for…

“合”-結(jié)束，總結(jié)

最后：the final point to note is that…

finally、at last

總之：in conclusion、in short、in summary、in brief

above all

to sum up; to put it in the nutshell

無疑：undoubtedly、surely、certainly

顯然：obviously